The Status Of Women As Depicted By Manu In The Manusmriti. The Manusmriti also known as Manav Dharam Shastra, is the earliest metrical work on Brahminical Dharma in Hinduism. According to Hindu mythology, the Manusmriti is the word of Brahma, and it is classified as the most authoritative statement on Dharma. The scripture consists of 2. It is presumed that the actual human author of this compilation used the eponym Manu, which has led the text to be associated by Hindus with the first human being and the first king in the Indian tradition. Although no details of this eponymous authors life are known, it is likely that he belonged to a conservative Brahman class somewhere in Northern India. Hindu apologists consider the Manusmriti as the divine code of conduct and, accordingly, the status of women as depicted in the text has been interpreted as Hindu divine law. While defending Manusmriti as divine code of conduct for all including women, apologists often quote the verse yatr naryasto pojyantay, ramantay tatr devta 35. Here are some of the celebrated derogatory comments about women in the Manusmriti 1. Swabhav ev narinam. 22. It is the nature of women to seduce men in this world for that reason the wise are never unguarded in the company of females. Avidvam samlam. 22. Women, true to their class character, are capable of leading astray men in this world, not only a fool but even a learned and wise man. Both become slaves of desire. Matra swastra. 22. Hindu apologists consider the Manusmriti as the divine code of conduct and, accordingly, the status of women as depicted in the text has been interpreted as. Wise people should avoid sitting alone with ones mother, daughter or sister. Since carnal desire is always strong, it can lead to temptation. Naudwahay. 38. One should not marry women who has have reddish hair, redundant parts of the body such as six fingers, one who is often sick, one without hair or having excessive hair and one who has red eyes. Nraksh vraksh. 39. One should not marry women whose names are similar to constellations, trees, rivers, those from a low caste, mountains, birds, snakes, slaves or those whose names inspires terror. Yasto na bhavet. Wise men should not marry women who do not have a brother and whose parents are not socially well known. Uchayangh. 31. Wise men should marry only women who are free from bodily defects, with beautiful names, gracegait like an elephant, moderate hair on the head and body, soft limbs and small teeth. Shudr aiv bharya 31. Brahman men can marry Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaish and even Shudra women but Shudra men can marry only Shudra women. Na Brahman kshatriya. 31. Although Brahman, Kshatriya and Vaish men have been allowed inter caste marriages, even in distress they should not marry Shudra women. Heenjati striyam. 31. When twice born dwijBrahman, Kshatriya and Vaish men in their folly marry low caste Shudra women, they are responsible for the degradation of their whole family. Accordingly, their children adopt all the demerits of the Shudra caste. Shudram shaynam 31. A Brahman who marries a Shudra woman, degrades himself and his whole family ,becomes morally degenerated, loses Brahman status and his children too attain status of shudra. Daiv pitrya 31. The offerings made by such a person at the time of established rituals are neither accepted by God nor by the departed soul guests also refuse to have meals with him and he is bound to go to hell after death. Chandalash 32. Food offered and served to Brahman after Shradh ritual should not be seen by a chandal, a pig, a cock,a dog, and a menstruating women. Na ashniyat. 44. A Brahman, true defender of his class, should not have his meals in the company of his wife and even avoid looking at her. Furthermore, he should not look towards her when she is having her meals or when she sneezesyawns. Na ajyanti. 44. A Brahman in order to preserve his energy and intellect, must not look at women who applies collyrium to her eyes, one who is massaging her nude body or one who is delivering a child. Mrshyanti. 42. One should not accept meals from a woman who has extra marital relations nor from a family exclusively dominatedmanaged by women or a family whose 1. Balya va. 51. A female child, young woman or old woman is not supposed to work independently even at her place of residence. Balye pitorvashay. 51. Girls are supposed to be in the custody of their father when they are children, women must be under the custody of their husband when married and under the custody of her son as widows. In no circumstances is she allowed to assert herself independently. Asheela kamvrto 51. Men may be lacking virtue, be sexual perverts, immoral and devoid of any good qualities, and yet women must constantly worship and serve their husbands. Na ast strinam. 51. Women have no divine right to perform any religious ritual, nor make vows or observe a fast. Her only duty is to obey and please her husband and she will for that reason alone be exalted in heaven. Kamam to 51. At her pleasure after the death of her husband, let her emaciate her body by living only on pure flowers, roots of vegetables and fruits. She must not even mention the name of any other men after her husband has died. Vyabhacharay 51. Any women violating duty and code of conduct towards her husband, is disgraced and becomes a patient of leprosy. After death, she enters womb of Jackal. Kanyam bhajanti. 83. In case women enjoy sex with a man from a higher caste, the act is not punishable. But on the contrary, if women enjoy sex with lower caste men, she is to be punished and kept in isolation. Utmam sevmansto. 83. In case a man from a lower caste enjoys sex with a woman from a higher caste, the person in question is to be awarded the death sentence. And if a person satisfies his carnal desire with women of his own caste, he should be asked to pay compensation to the womens faith. Ya to kanya. 83. In case a woman tears the membrane hymen of her Vagina, she shall instantly have her head shaved or two fingers cut off and made to ride on Donkey. Bhartaram. 83. In case a women, proud of the greatness of her excellence or her relatives, violates her duty towards her husband, the King shall arrange to have her thrown before dogs at a public place. Pita rakhshati. 93. Since women are not capable of living independently, she is to be kept under the custody of her father as child, under her husband as a woman and under her son as widow. Imam hi sarw. 96. It is the duty of all husbands to exert total control over their wives. Even physically weak husbands must strive to control their wives. Pati bharyam. 98. The husband, after the conception of his wife, becomes the embryo and is born again of her. This explains why women are called Jaya. Panam durjan 91. Consuming liquor, association with wicked persons, separation from her husband, rambling around, sleeping for unreasonable hours and dwelling are six demerits of women. Naita rupam 91. Such women are not loyal and have extra marital relations with men without consideration for their age. Poonshchalya 91. Because of their passion for men, immutable temper and natural heartlessness, they are not loyal to their husbands. Na asti strinam 91. While performing namkarm and jatkarm, Vedic mantras are not to be recited by women, because women are lacking in strength and knowledge of Vedic texts. Women are impure and represent falsehood. Devrasapinda 95. On failure to produce offspring with her husband, she may obtain offspring by cohabitation with her brother in law devar or with some other relative sapinda on her in laws side. Vidwayam. 96. He who is appointed to cohabit with a widow shall approach her at night, be anointed with clarified butter and silently beget one son, but by no means a second one. Yatha vidy. 97. In accordance with established law, the sister in law bhabhi must be clad in white garments with pure intent her brother in law devar will cohabitate with her until she conceives. Ati kramay 97. Any women who disobey orders of her lethargic, alcoholic and diseased husband shall be deserted for three months and be deprived of her ornaments. Vandyashtamay. 98. A barren wife may be superseded in the 8th year she whose children die may be superseded in the 1. Trinsha. 99. In case of any problem in performing religious rites, males between the age of 2.
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Secondly, I LOVE that cover. I mean. Uso de simuladores como recurso digital para la transferencia de conocimiento Contreras Gelves. Gloria Amparo Contreras Gelves. Universidad de San Buenaventura. Rosa Garca Torres. Mara Soledad Ramrez Montoya. Tecnolgico de Monterrey, ITESMRESUMEN Este artculo explora los hbitos y apropiacin relacionados con el uso de simuladores y sus. Facultad. de Ingeniera en una universidad privada de Colombia. Se utiliz una metodologa expostfacto. Del anlisis. del trabajo se desprende que existe un bajo porcentaje de docentes que utilizan simuladores. Palabras clave Simuladores, recurso digital, transferencia de conocimiento, programacin. INTRODUCCIN DEL APORTE DE LOS SIMULADORES EN LA TRANSFERENCIA DEL CONOCIMIENTO El impacto de las tecnologas de la informacin. TIC y las. fuertes repercusiones en el mbito educativo. Es inminente la necesidad. PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATLICA DEL ECUADOR SEDE SANTO DOMINGO. Direccin Acadmica Escuela de Sistemas. DESARROLLO E IMPLEMENTACIN DE UN. En forma concreta, interesa. Una de las funciones principales de los. Bender y Fish 2. Los simuladores constituyen un procedimiento. De hecho. buena parte de la ciencia de frontera. Mediante los simuladores se puede, por. Previo al inicio del tema se definen los. Escamilla. 2. 00. Hoy en da, las actuales. Rosario, 2. 00. 5. Aunque las investigaciones sobre simulacin. Ellos toman en cuenta. Macas, 2. 00. 7. En el mismo sentido, se puede encont Por otra parte, la. Bradley, 2. 00. 5. Asimismo, en el mbito acadmico se. Cabrera. 2. 00. 3, por ejemplo, investig el desarrollo. Segn el. anlisis de los resultados de los exmenes. El grupo con simulador mostr. LOS SIMULADORES COMO PARTE DE LA INNOVACIN TECNOLGICA EN COLOMBIA En el plan de desarrollo del Ministerio de. Educacin de Colombia 2. De su cobertura y calidad dependen. Acogiendo dichas disposiciones, las universidades. Para. ello se promueve la adopcin de nuevas. Hoy se habla de utilizar una gran cantidad. Dentro. de ellos se encuentra el software educativo. Existe material sobre varias. Adems, resulta. de gran inters la posibilidad de elabo En varios pases de Amrica Latina, la. En este. orden de ideas, el realizar la transferencia. Bogot, resultaba interesante. Aldape, 2. 00. 4. Partiendo del supuesto. Facultad. de Ingeniera y de la universidad misma. As se plante la. DESARROLLO DE LA INVESTIGACIN Mtodo de investigacin El mtodo de investigacin fue el expostfacto. En esta experiencia. Se utiliz tambin. Stake. 2. 00. 5, en el que cada una de las clases fue. En el diseo de la investigacin se analiz. La percepcin, por parte de los sujetos de. La orientacin de la investigacin fue. En este caso se recuper la experiencia. Facultad de Ingeniera. Para la investigacin de tipo no experimental. Los datos se recolectaron en un. El corte y alcance descriptivo de esta. Danhke, 1. 98. 9, citado. Hernndez, Fernndez y Baptista. Para ello fue necesario recolectar. El contexto en que se desarrollan las. Cuando se realiz esta investigacin. Facultad. de Ingeniera con los programas de sistemas. Para el estudio se centr. La muestra de los participantes. As, la muestra de docentes. Ingeniera que se inscribieron en los saberes de formacin bsica. La universidad donde se llev a cabo el estudio. Cuenta con algunos simuladores. Matlab, Karel y Orcad. El maestro, segn su asignacin de. Categoras e instrumentos Las categoras de la investigacin, desde la perspectiva. Las estrategias de enseanza aprendizaje. De ah que se. relacionan con los constructos determinados. Los procesos de transferencia de la experiencia. Elementos de hardware y software correspondientes. Esta ltima perspectiva. Estas categoras se establecieron con base en. Los instrumentos. Se elaboraron los guiones de observacin partiendo. Para los alumnos se tomaen cuenta las interacciones, las relaciones. Se disearon los cuestionarios cerrados para. Algunos de los tems de los. En cuanto a los cuestionarios dirigidos a los. Tambin se emplearon recursos informticos. Para traducir los resultados de los cuestionarios. En la. elaboracin de las conclusiones se tomaron en. Se construy una pgina web en la que se publicaron. Universidad Mat Lab. Circuit Maker, Maplesoft, Catt, Maplab, Matemtica. Solidedge a cada uno de ellos se les caracteriz. Como tema complementario a esta informacin. RESULTADOS Los resultados obtenidos con la aplicacin de los. En relacin con el uso de laboratorios para. En cuanto al uso de algunos simuladores. Matlab simula procesos matemticos. Karel simula procesos lgicos, Circuit. Maker simula la realizacin de circuitos. Catt Acoustics simula parmetros. Ahora bien, en cuanto al uso de simuladores. Mplab simula la realizacin de circuitos. Maple simula procesos matemticos. Matlab, Karel, Circuit Maker y. Catt Acoustics. En cuanto a la participacin de los alumnos. Con respecto a la comprobacin de resultados. Respecto a la existencia de material informativo. Con los datos anteriores se puede decir, en. En este estudio se obtuvo como resultado informacin. Este conjunto de simuladores se convierte. Respecto a la documentacin soporte que defina. Universidad, no. se encontr algn resultado, pues la gran mayora de docentes, al querer profundizar sobre el tema. Internet. Por otra parte, se evidencia que existen varios. El papel del docente an sigue siendo tradicionalista. Aunque se hable de su nuevo rol en el. XXI y de la globalizacin y la era digital que. El uso. de nuevas tecnologas, como los simuladores, no. Las evaluaciones siguen mecanismos tradicionales. Aqu los. docentes no han superado la brecha tecnolgica y. El uso de simuladores puede. Con esta interpretacin de resultados se puede. El estudiante tiene que sentir la necesidad. El estudio permite deducir que existe una. Las anteriores. observaciones relacionadas con el uso. Respecto a la pregunta de investigacin sobre. Se determin, en primera instancia, que. Facilidad de implementacin, desde. Modelacin de situaciones reales, al. Funcin motivadora los estudiantes. Facilidad en el proceso de evaluacin. En algunos. casos, ofrecen tambin una evaluacin. Colaboracin en procesos de investigacin. Apoyo didctico al docente desde la ldica. Promocin de la innovacin tecnologa. Facilidad al docente en la creatividad con. En segunda instancia se determin que, a. Universidad. por ello, se dise una pgina web que fue. En la pgina se encuentra. Simuladores. Matlab software licenciado que simula procesos. Se trata de un software matemtico. IDE con un lenguaje de programacin. M. Maple software licenciado que simula procesos. Es un programa matemtico de propsito. Fue. desarrollado originalmente en 1. Grupo de. Clculo Simblico en la Universidad de Waterloo. De igual modo, se present un conjunto de. En el momento en que. Cmo adquirir versiones educativasTodos se encuentran instalados en la Universidad Qu saberes realizan prcticas en dichos laboratorios Se poseen tutores para ensear a utilizar los simuladoresExisten proyectos orientados hacia el desarrollo de. Universidad Luego de la socializacin de la informacin. Se comprob que este hecho. CONCLUSIONES Del anlisis del trabajo se desprende que existe un. Con base en esta investigacin, se puede afirmar. En este orden de ideas, es necesario. Facultad de Ingeniera, con. La aplicacin de ejercicios prcticos y con. Matlab. para el desarrollo de un tema de matemticas. Con la aplicacin de Karel se estructura. En esta comparacin se deduce que cada. La indagacin sobre las necesidades y carencias. Las generaciones actuales han nacido de. Por tanto, el sistema educativo en la Universidad. El uso de simuladores en los diferentes. Los docentes utilizan de forma muy aislada. Al utilizar las nuevas tecnologas. El trabajo de los docentes no debe considerarse. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigacin. Resulta ineficiente el hecho de proveer. Se hace necesario continuar fomentando. Por ello, la creacin de grupos de investigacin. Queda con esta experiencia una invitacin a. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS Aldape, A. Aprendizaje del concepto fsico de. Java. como simulador digital Fecha de consulta. D2. 19. Bender, S. Fish, A. 2. 00. 0, The transfer of knowledge. The continuing need for. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4 2, pp. Bradley, P. 2. 00. La historia de la simulacin en la educacin. Plymouth. Reino Unido Peninsula. Medical. School. Paul. Cabrera, F. 2. 00. Desarrollo de simuladores basados en. Fecha de consulta 1. Escamilla, J. G. 2. Seleccin y uso de tecnologa educativa. Mxico Trillas. Macas, D. Uso de simuladores mdicos en la enseanza. Fecha de consulta 2. Ministerio de Educacin 2. Plan Sectorial de Desarrollo. Adobe AIR Wikipedia. Adobe AIRDevelopersAdobe Systems. Initial release. February 2. Stable release. 27. September 2. 01. 7 4. 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Console applications Executing native applications with command line arguments, and receiving feedback via standard IO error streams. 2. Multithreading Managing multiple threads, to execute Action. Script 3 code in the background without freezing the user interface. 2. Web browser View HTML web pages with full CSS and Java. Script support within Flash applications, with the integrated Web. Kit based web browser. 2. Clipboard access Programmatically copy or paste text, bitmaps or files into the system clipboard. 2. Drag and drop Allows users to drag text, bitmaps or files into AIR applications. 2. Mobile featureseditOn mobile platforms, AIR supports many mobile hardware features 3. D GraphicseditIn 2. Stage. 3D to the Flash Player allowed Flash and AIR apps access to GPUs for hardware acceleration. Several third party frameworks have been developed to build upon the functionality of Stage. D, including the Starling Framework and Away. D. These frameworks are also compatible with AIR, and provide vital performance improvements to AIR apps published for mobile devices. AIR Native ExtensionseditAIR apps can be augmented in functionality with the usage of AIR Native Extensions ANEs. Native extensions are plug in code libraries that contain native code wrapped with an Action. Script API,3. 3 allowing developers to access native features not otherwise usable in AIR, such as Apple Game Center or Google Cloud Messaging. Native extensions may be developed by anyone using publicly available tools 3. Native extensions may be programmed in the native language on each platform, allowing access to the full set of platform APIs provided by the developer. C for Windows, Java for Android, Objective C for i. OS. 2. 0AvailabilityeditAIR is a cross platform technology and AIR applications can be repackaged with few or no changes for many popular desktop and mobile platforms. Different installation options exist for each platform. AIR applications may be published with or without the AIR runtime. Applications packaged with the AIR runtime are larger in file size, and are known as captive runtime applications. 3. If the runtime is not embedded in the app, it must be installed separately. In January 2. 00. Adobe claimed that there were over 1. Adobe AIR worldwide, and that the majority of AIR runtime installations occur at the time the first AIR application is installed by a user. 3. In May 2. 01. 4, Adobe claimed that over 1. AIR, and over 1 billion installations of the same were logged from users across the world. 1. Desktop platformseditThe latest version of Adobe AIR, version 2. Adobe Flash Player 2. Windows 7 and later, as well as OS X 1. Official support for desktop Linux distributions ceased in June 2. Mobile platformseditAdobe AIR applications can be published as native phone applications on certain mobile operating systems, such as Android ARM Cortex A8 and above4. Applei. OS. 4. 5Application developmenteditAdobe AIR runs Flash applications within a contained Flash Player instance. It runs web applications via Web. Kitrendering engine. Multiple instances of the browser can be started within a single AIR application, but Java. Script content executes with some security limitations. AIR does not provide direct access to native GUI elements such as navigation bars or controls. Native extensions can be used to access additional native resources. Development toolseditThe AIR SDK is available as a free standalone download for software developers to make AIR applications. 4. SDK users do not need to install any commercial software to use the SDK, although several options are available. AIR apps can be compiled from the command line using the AIR compiler included in the SDK the compiler can also be called from an IDE to eliminate the need for the command line. AIR can also be used with Adobe Flex. 4. Flex is an integrated collection of stylable graphical user interface, data manipulation and networking components, and applications built upon it are known as Flex applications. Flex GUIs are defined in MXML, similar to how Android and Microsoft Visual Studio define GUIs however, Flex does not give access to native GUI components. AIR applications built without the Flex framework allow greater flexibility and performance, and are known as pure Action. Script applications. 4. Video games built on the AIR platform are typically pure Actionscript projects. Various open source component frameworks are available for pure Action. Script projects, such as Mad. Components, that provide UI Components at significantly smaller SWF file sizes. 5. SoftwareeditAdobe distributes three commercial software products for developing of AIR applications in Action. Installing flash debugger on IE 1. Windows 1. 0. Adobe Community. Download the Windows 8. Adobe http www. Consider the downloaded msu file is called SavedMSUFileName. Change the extension of the. Extract the contents of the zip file into a folder. Run the following commmands in cmd such that targetdir is the folder where you extracted the files in step 3. cd lt targetdir expand F SavedMSUFileName. C lt targetdir 5. The exctracted files should contain a folders named amd. MS Edge wow. IE 1. 16. Backup the original files first in case any problem goes on. Close all apps the might be using the Active. X such as Skype, Lync, Internet Explorer, MS Edge. Go to C WindowsSys. WOW6. 4Macromed, right click on the folder named Flash, select properties, and on the Security tab use the Advanced button to add yourself as the owner of the folder with Full Control. Do the same for folder C WindowsSystem. Adobe Flash Builder 4. 7 software is a development environment for building games and applications using the ActionScript language and the open source Flex. 1 WHY INSTALL FLASH PLAYER CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction 1. 1. Why install Flash Player Adobe Flash Player is the software that allows computers to play. Put another way, Flash Player using Stage Video can effortlessly play beautiful 1080p HD video with just 115 CPU usage on a common Mac or Windows computer. Macromed if you need to debug in MS Edge browser. Copy the following four files Flash. UtilActive. X. dll Flash. UtilActive. X. exe Flash. C WindowsSystem. MacromedFlash for 6. MS Edge from wow. C WindowsSys. WOW6. MacromedFlash for 3. IE 1. 1This way you will get debug version of Flash Player 2. I guess if you have a Win 7 PC, it should be possible to update to the latest version by installing Flash Player Active. X version there and copying corresponding files from such PC to Win 1. Adobe Flash Player 27 Win, Mac Linux debugger aka debug player or content debuggers and standalone aka projectors players for Flex and Flash developers. Images/image006.jpg' alt='Spring Mvc Tutorial 3 0 Pdf Viewer' title='Spring Mvc Tutorial 3 0 Pdf Viewer' />In September 2011, Autodesk make accessible the Industry Foundation Classes IFC exporter for Revit as open source code, licensed through a LGPL v.Download the free trial version below to get started.Doubleclick the downloaded file to install the software.ASP. NET MVC jQuery File Download Plugin for Ajax like, feature rich file downloads.Spring Mvc Tutorial 3 0 Pdf Viewer' title='Spring Mvc Tutorial 3 0 Pdf Viewer' />Mobirise 3 Theme Blockpack.At least double the blocks you already have in your arsenal with this amazing set of new appearances and great functionalities combined to.Boot. 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